attach
同义：fasten , unite , connect , join , add
反义：detach
词组：~ oneself to 使成为一分子，使在一起：~ oneself to an expedition参加探险队

attach … to 将……系在……上
attach importance to 认为重要
be attached to 爱惜，依恋
练习：Great responsibilities_____ to the post as a teacher.

A. keep B. grant C. attach D. bear
派生：attached adj. 附属的；附联式的；【一般作表语】喜爱的，依恋的
an ~ primary school 附属小学
He is very ~ to his daughter. 他十分喜欢他的女儿。
attachment n. 附属物，附加装置；情感，爱慕，忠诚
She formed an ~ to (或for) him. 她对他产生了爱慕之情。
~ to cause 对事业的忠诚
attain
同义：reach , gain , achieve , accomplish , fulfil
反义：fail
派生：attainment n. 达到，获得；【常作~s】成长，造诣，才能
the ~ of one’s ambition 抱负的实现
长难句
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
每当一个新艺术运动达到一定的流行程度时，最好先找出其倡导者的目的，因为，无论其原则在今天看来可能是多么不着边际、多么荒谬，但是数年后它也许会被看作是正常的东西。

avail
同义：contribute , benefit , use , help
反义：hinder
词组：~ (oneself) of 利用
I have not ~ed myself of the opportunity avail for = avail oneself of 利用（不用于被动语态）
of/ to no avail 不起作用，没有用
avail sb. nothing 对某人没用 When she availed him nothing she was deserted.当她对他没什么用处时就被他抛弃了。
练习：I am afraid my help_____ much.
A. availed B. didn’t avail C. was not available D. was available
练习答案：
选B
译文：恐怕我的帮助对你用处不大。avail一般用于否定句或疑问句中；available是
形容词，其后不跟宾语。
说到available我再多说几句
辨析：accessible , available , attainable
accessible意为“容易接近的，可进入的，容易取得的，可以达到的”。
The new shopping center is easily is easily accessible to all the population in this city.
available意为“可利用的，有效的”。
In this building, a fire extinguisher should be kept available at all time.
attainable意为“可达到的，可得到的”。
It is unrealistic to believe perfection is an attainable goal.

词组：
of little/ no avail 没有任何用处：The advice we got was of no avail.
我们得到的完全没用。
without avail 徒劳无功：The doctors tried everything to keep him alive but
without avail. 医生们曾竭力抢救他的生命，但徒劳无功。
派生：availability n. 利用（或获得）的可能性，有效性 easy ~ of jobs
容易获得职业
available adj. 在手边的，可利用的；可获得的
All the ~ money has been used. 手头所有的钱都用完了。